[ clinical use of combined cancellous bone graft and bone marrow on the induced tibial bone defect in dogs]

To evaluate the induction of osteogenesis of combined autogenous cancellous bone graft and bone marrow in experimental midshaft tibial bone defect. Experimental study. Seven adult mixed-breed dogs with an average age of 1.57 years and an average weight of 22.57 kg. the animals were randomly divided in to experimental [n=5] and control [n=2] groups. In each dog a bone defect [2.5 cm] was created on the midshaft of left tibia and fixed by plate and screws. In the experimental group, tibial bone defect was filled with autogenous cancellous bone and bone marrowo. These matter were harvested from the iliac crest and the medullary canal of the femur, respectively. In the control group, the defect was not filled. Postoperative clinical assessment including measurement of body temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate and evaluation of the degree of lameness was done. Moreover, radiographic assessment of bone based on the process of bone healing periosteal reaction and soft tissue swelling were done before surgery, immediately after surgery and then 1,2,3,5,9,13 and 17 weeks after surgery. The degree of lameness in experimental group was lesser than the control ones from the day 12 to 49 [p<0.05]. Significant difference was observed in the degree of soft tissue swelling between two groups at the week 5 [p<0.05]. Moreover, difference of the periosteal reaction was not significant between two groups. The degree of bone healing process was significantly greater in the experimental group compare to control [p<0.05]. While clinical union was seen in the experimental group up to 100% [n=4] and 75% [n=1], it was not seen in the control group. The result of this study showed that the autogenous cancellous bone and bone marrow can be a reliable method for filling of 2.5 cm segmental tibial bone defect in dog. In this regard, healing of the higher size of bone defect needs to be further investigated

Studies on the normal synovial fluid from the carpal joints of Iranian water buffaloes: physical and biochemical parameters

Reports on the physical and biochemical parameters ofsynovial fluid in buffaloes are limited. This study was conducted to evaluate the normal parameters ofsynovial fluid on buffaloes that can be very helpful in diagnosis of arthropathy. Synovial fluid of carpal joints was collected by arthrocentesis of the right and left forelimbs in 21 water buffaloes immediately after slaughtering of animals in abattoir. The quality of mucin clot and viscosity were normal in 100% of animals. The synovial fluid was colorless in 50% of cases and the other 50% had a yellowish color. Only 77.5% of samples were transparent and 22.5% were semitransparent. The range of values for different measured parameters were: AST: [27.65 +/- 5.9] IU/L, ALT: [15.08 +/- 2.75] IU/L, LDH: [36.55 +/- 13.28] IU/L, glucose: [59.25 +/- 3.39] mg/dL, total protein: [0.89 +/- 0.055] g/dL, urea nitrogen: [7.96 +/- 1] mg/dL. There was no significant difference between groups according to age, sex and side [left and right forelimbs] for all parameters except ALT and LDH which differed according to sex, ALT and LDH were significantly [P<0.05] greater in females

[ effect of xylazine-ketamine on temperature, heart and respiratory rate, arterial blood pressure and blood gases, in sheep]

Objective: the effect of xylazine-ketamine on cardiovascular system and respiratory system was evaluated by measurement of arterial blood pressure, blood gases, temperature, heart and respiratory rate

Design: self-controlled study

Animals: five healthy sheep with an average weight of 21.4 kg were used in this study

Procedure: xylazine [0.2 mg/kg IM] was administrated 15 minutes prior to utilization of ketamine [10 mg/kg IV] in all animals. All baseline measurements [heart rate, respiratory rate and….] were taken before the xylazine administration and were taken again at 5, 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes intervals after induction of anesthesia with ketamine. Arterial catheters flushed with 2:1000 heparin solution were placed by using local anesthesia into the carotid artery via a 5 cm skin incision for measuring arterial blood pressure and collecting blood samples

Statistical analysis: repeated measure analysis of variances design and least significant difference were used to analyze data

Results: on the basis of these results, heart rate did not change significantly. Mean arterial blood pressure decreased significantly at 30, 45, and 60 minutes after anesthesia. PaO2 declined significantly at 60 minutes and PaCO2 at first increased at 5 minute, then decreased at 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes but remained significantly higher than before anesthesia, but respiratory rate did not change significantly. Temperature declined significantly at 5, 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes after anesthesia

Conclusion: according to this study, xylazine-ketamine combination has a little depressant effect on cardiovascular system. This combination is responsible for a little disturbed ventilation, decreased PaO2, increased PaCO2 and declined body temperature in anesthesia